Why was Ireland Partitioned Essay Example for Free

Why was Ireland Partitioned Essay In the late 19th century, Ulster became the most prosperous province in Ireland, with the only large-scale industrialization in the country. Its linen industry thrived and its products were imported throughout the world. In the latter part of the century, Belfast overtook Dublin as the largest city on the island. Belfast was particularly famous for its huge dockyards owned by Harland and Wolff1. After the famine there was a preponderance of Protestants in Ulster, with a much larger number of skilled workers than the Catholics. Ulster Unionism was and still is composed of two main elements; the protection and preservation of their religion and of the Ulster Economy. When the Home Rule party began introducing reforms such as the Land Act of 1870 Ulster Unionists began to feel threatened. They saw these reforms as the thin edge of a wedge which they feared might damage their interests2. Although there were vast gulfs of difference between them, they were able to unite remarkably well under the common banner of Unionism, a resolve which was strengthened with the start of land agitation in the North. They saw this as a direct attack on all they strove to protect3. In the 1885 elections, the Home Rule party won 17 of the 33 Ulster seats, a development which shocked many Unionism and Gladstone introduced his first Home Rule Bill. While Gladstone prepared an Irish policy, Lord Randolph Churchill prepared for his own visit to Ireland. In February, he wrote, I decided some time ago that if Gladstone went for Home Rule, the Orange card would be the one to play4. Ninety-three of Gladstones own Liberal MPs voted against the bill, and it was defeated. Disturbed at how close to success the Home Rulers had come, there was an influx of new members into the orange order. The Ulster loyalist anti repeal union was also established. They had a conditional loyalty to the crown which means they supported it as long as it did not interfere with their interests5. In 1886 the Belfast anti-Unionist riots damaged the Home Rule cause in the North. Also in that year Queens University became an independent University instead of affiliating to the other British Universities. In this way Unionists first began showing their feelings of self-reliance and autonomy6. The struggle for home rule continued, and Gladstone introduced a second bill in 1893, only to see it defeated in the House of Lords. The Parliament Act of 1911 reduced the peers veto on legislation to a delaying power. At this time there were three strands of Unionism the Ulster Unionism of Craig and the Unionist Council; the Irish Unionists with Edward Carson; and the British Unionism and Bonar Law. The Irish position changed when Carson, M.P., for Trinity College, was invited to lead Ulster Unionists in February, 19107. A meeting was held at Craigavon, Craigs home, to receive the new leader on 23 September, 1911; 100,000 people attended. The meeting marked the beginning of the campaign against the Home Rule Bill of Asquith which was to go before Parliament in 1912. This bill was rejected by the Lords, but became law in 19148. On the 28th September (Ulster Day) the Solemn League and covenant was signed by Unionist men only. This showed their opposition to Home Rule. Some to show their intent signed it with their own blood. In January 1913 the Ulster Volunteer force (UVF) was founded9. Men paraded and drilled with wooden weapons at first. At the end of April 35,000 rifles and 5 million rounds of ammunition were landed at Larne by the Unionists. No moves were made by the army or police to thwart them and this caused much anger amongst Nationalists. Herbert Asquiths policy of wait and see was not doing much for the situation and he failed to realise the intent of the Unionists. It was only in late 1913 that he began to take Ulster opposition seriously. The Curragh mutiny of July 1914 was a blow that showed his complete lack of power over Ulster10. The prospect of Ireland being partitioned began to be considered as a serious option around this time when Lloyd George suggested the temporary exclusion of parts of Ulster. Bonar Law stated that this should be permanent and Carson also refused to compromise. In July 1914 King George, recognising the looming crisis called the Buckingham Palace conference in an effort to make some progress. This conference was attended by Asquith, Lloyd George, Bonar Law, Carson, Craig, Redmond and Dillon11. At the conference Carson immediately stated that he would not consider anything other than partition. The question was the area for exclusion and the time for which it would be excluded. Redmond suggested that each county could be given a plebiscite whether to opt in or out of Home Rule12. Carson disagreed and said Ulster should vote as a block. This was unacceptable to Redmond. Neither side would concede the counties of Tyrone and Fermanagh. It was here that the conference broke down. The original intention of the Unionists was to defeat Home Rule for all Ireland. However, as time went on the idea of partition began to appeal more and more to them13. They began to see the safety from interference it would give them. What had began as a device for killing home rule had become an end in itself. The implementation of Home Rule had to be delayed for the duration of the Great War. A coalition government was set up and both Carson and Redmond were invited to become members. Redmond turned it down. This was to place him at a disadvantage that was to have severe consequences14. Carson accepted his place immediately. Urged by Redmond many nationalists signed up to fight in the war. The Unionists also fought. Both sides suffered terrible casualties notably at the Battle of the Somme. The war also brought with it the chance the Irish republicans had been waiting years for. The old saying Englands difficulty is Irelands opportunity rang clear as they started a Rising on Easter Monday 191615. As William Butler Yates later wrote about the event alls changed, changed utterly. All had changed. After the executions that followed 1916, the Irish people would no longer be happy with Home Rule. Overnight Redmond and the Home Rulers lost much of their power. Lloyd George organised talks in September 191816. He talked to Carson and Redmond separately. Carson was told he could have immediate permanent Home Rule for the six counties whilst he convinced Redmond it would only be a temporary measure until the war ended. The Irish Convention was an assembly called by Lloyd George which sat in Ireland from July 1917 until March 1918 to address the Irish Question. However it did not have much success in resolving the problems. By the end of the war John Redmond was dead, the Irish party was a spent force and Sinn Fein had come to power. Dail Eireann had been set up by the republicans as their own parliament to ignore Westminster. The British Government would have let Home Rule slide was it not for the fact it was still on the books. Walter Long was a British Unionist politician17. From October 1919 onwards, he was largely concerned with Irish affairs, serving as the chair of the cabinets Long Committee on Ireland. The purpose of this committee was to deal with the Irish question. He would only consider a settlement which was in the Unionists favor. In this capacity he saw them first reject the county by county option. Instead it was proposed that there would be two parliaments one in Dublin and one in Belfast. Both were directly answerable to Westminster. This move would give Unionists control over their own destiny18. The British governments official stance was in favor of ultimate unification. The Unionists were first offered nine counties. This was turned down as they feared nine was too big for them to retain full control over. Instead they demanded six counties. The government of Ireland bill was introduced on the 26th of February 192019. It caused much hostility in the border counties and rioting in Belfast between June and September. On 3rd May it came into effect, creating separate home rule governments for Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, the latter he endowed with wider powers than its southern counterpart. Although in southern and western Ireland, this was soon superseded by the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which gave the new Irish Free State a much greater share of independence. The king opened the new parliament in Ulster in May 192120. In conclusion, this essay has examined the reasons behind the partition question in Ireland and had accessed the causes of this divide in detail. It is ironic that the Unionist people fought so hard and so long against Home Rule just to later adopt it for themselves. 1J. J. Lee, Ireland 1912-1985, pages 9-11 2 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998, pages 145 3 D. G. Boyce, Nineteenth Century Ireland, pages 200-201 4 D. G. Boyce, Nineteenth Century Ireland, pages 194-195 5 Pauric Travers, Settlements and Divisions, 116-117 6 Paul Bew, Ideology and the Irish Question: Ulster Unionism and Irish Nationalism 1912-1916 pages 8-9 7 D. G. Boyce, Nineteenth Century Ireland, pages 186-187 8 Michael Laffan, The Partition of Ireland, 1911-1925 9 Pauric Travers, Settlements and Divisions, pages 126-128 10 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998, pages 151-153 11 J. J. Lee, Ireland 1912-1985, pages 17-20 12 D. G. Boyce, Nineteenth Century Ireland, pages 200 13 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998, pages 156 14 J. J. Lee, Ireland 1912-1985, pages 13-15 15 Pauric Travers, Settlements and Divisions, pages 139-140 16 Pauric Travers, Settlements and Divisions, pages 145 17 J. J. Lee, Ireland 1912-1985, pages 19-20 18 Paul Bew, Ideology and the Irish Question: Ulster Unionism and Irish Nationalism 1912-1916 pages 17 19 Paul Bew, Ideology and the Irish Question: Ulster Unionism and Irish Nationalism 1912-1916 pages 118-119 20 J. J. Lee, Ireland 1912-1985, pages 24-25

Mountain Dew Essay -- Soft Drinks Soda Essays

Mountain Dew It's cool and refreshing. It's satisfying and invigorating. It's Mountain Dew. But it's not just regular pop. It's a lifesaver that keeps many college students alert during strenuous moments in their college life. Mountain Dew is a favorite of many students on the GC campus because it is relatively cheap to purchase and not difficult to come across. This power drink can be found in the cafeteria, at the Leaf Raker, and in many of the vending machines on campus. Students can get free refills at the cafeteria and may purchase this drink for 99 cents at the Leaf Raker and $1 from vending machines. It comes in cans and in plastic bottles of various sizes. One can buy it in bulk from places like Wal-Mart and other supermarkets. Why do students prefer this suspicious-looking, yellow-colored beverage to other popular drinks like Coca Cola or Pepsi? Many students say they like it because it tastes good and keeps them awake. They find this extremely sweet and caffeine-packed solution appealing and refreshing to taste. Senior Zach Bougner said he likes the citrus taste of Mountain Dew. "I used to drink a can every day before school in high school," said Bougner. "I drove with my left hand and drank with my right." Mountain Dew has the highest caffeine content of all the other pops. While Coca Cola has 45.6 mg of caffeine per 12 oz and Pepsi has only 37.2 mg of caffeine per 12 oz, Mountain Dew contains 55 mg of caffeine per 12 oz. If you are a student who is accustomed to staying up 48 hours straight while battling to block out the enticing call from your bed, this beverage is the way to go. Not only is it high in caffeine, it is also highly concentrated with sugar and other carbohydrates. A sin... ...of hours at a time. What alternatives do people have to stay awake? Should Mountain Dew even be an option? Foster feels it is okay to drink it. "People get addicted to coffee as with Mountain Dew," he said. "For something that isn't as life-hampering [as drug addiction, for instance], I don't think it's that big a deal." He feels there should not be restrictions, except for kids because they are already energetic. On the other hand, Foster says his caffeine tolerance is so high that nothing can really help him stay awake. "It's my own motivation, my own drive, that keeps me awake," he said. Perhaps other students can learn from Foster. Depending on Mountain Dew or other caffeinated beverages may not always be advisable. Sometimes they work and at other times they don't. There comes a time when people just have to make "dew" with what they've got.

John Keats Essay

In John Keats â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale,† answer the following: Identify some Romantic quality about this poem. Explicate. This may require that you provide an example from the work. I feel that there is a â€Å"romantic quality† to Stanza 2. This stanza goes: 2. O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been Cool’d a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country green Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt Mirth! O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hyppocrene, With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth; That I might drink; and leave the world unseen. And with thee fade away into the forest dim: (Poetical, 2005) To me, it seems that the poet is now moving into a world of fantasy, a state the vintage can help bring him into, a pleasurable state of Mirth. He wants to join the nightingale and he uses vintage to take him there. In stanza 2, the reader begins to see and feel the images of â€Å"the country green, Dance, and Provencal song†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It all can have a romantic, fantasy quality to it. All of the visual images along with sunburnt Mirth combines to bring the poet and the reader into what could be thought of as a romantic state of drunkenness. In John Keats â€Å"Eve of St. Agnes,† answer the following: 1. Who is the Beadsman, and what part does he play in the story? It is the Beadsman’s penance to tell Madeline the superstition of St. Agnes Eve. The Beadsman is alone and cold in the chapel praying for the Baron and his friends who are partying. In these days Beadsman were paid to pray for their employer. This brings irony to the poem in that one might think The Beadsman needs the prayers or should be praying for himself. The Beadsman rejects life’s joys. The Beadsman dies this very evening as relayed in the last two lines of the poem (Stanza 42). It could also be noted the Beadsman introduces the religious imagery into the poem when he enters and ends the religious imagery when his part is over. At the beginning of the poem the Beadsman knows his deathbell has rung and indeed it is confirmed by the end of the poem. 2. Why does Angela die? Both Angela and the Beadsman died quietly of old age after witnessing the lovers fleeing into the storm. They played their part and â€Å"exited† the poem. 3. Study the last stanza: do the lovers live happily ever after? What is Keats` point? We don’t really know—it is ambiguous. It states, â€Å"These lovers fled away into the storm† (Stanza 42). I feel that because Keats believed in negative capability or that people have the ability to accept that not everything has to be resolved, he was just allowing the reader to decide rather than writing a trite, obvious ending. It could have also been that Keats didn’t want to end the dream or it to be clearly distinguishable the idea of this being a dream or reality. 4. Do the characters succeed in practicing negative capability? Yes, I feel the characters did succeed in practicing negative capability in that not everything in the poem was resolved for the characters or for the readers. Some of those questions there were no rational explanations for included: was Madeline raped? Why doesn’t Angela tell Madeline that Porphyro was hiding in her closet? Did Madeline and Porphyro die in the storm or live happily ever after? What part of this poem was a dream and what part of it was reality?  Reference (2005). The poetical works of John Keats. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from Great Books Online Web site: http://www. bartleby. com/126/40. html.

Career Path in Business Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1554 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Career Path Essay Did you like this example? As late as the 20th Century, many career progression choices were made based on gender, tradition, family, and socio-economic status. As such, majority of individuals made career choices based on career professions of their parents or limitations of tradition or beliefs. However, the later years after the 20th Century, this form of career trajectory ended as individuals begun taking greater control of their careers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Career Path in Business Management" essay for you Create order This trajectory was favored by the restructuring of organizations and the shift from manufacturing to knowledge based economies. As such, the creation of a new paradigm in which individuals determined their own growth in career by taking charge of their career choices and their level of professionalism. In line with these developments, individuals have the duty to take control of their careers by choosing careers that will enable them to excel in life. The choice of a career field comprises a difficult but essential process in development of an individual. According to DeRosa (30), nine out of ten students do not know exactly what they want to do in life and how to choose a career. In the process, many young people are misguided into a career or end up following others blindly (Itkin). In my case, it was not also a simple process. From an early age, I had found interest in the field of arts. This was mainly driven by the popularity of individuals dealing in creative arts such as music and acting. However, when I read the book, Millionaire mind, I begun having a focus on the business field. In particular, I centered most of my attention in the field of business management. In order to learn more about business management, I spoke to Jack Bolton, a family friend, who has had a long and successful career in the field of business management. I asked him to tell me about his career as a business management major. He explained that the work is difficult as it involves a lot of creativity and innovations due to the changing trends in the business world. But he said that making your company gain a competitive advantage over other businesses is quite rewarding. However, he said â€Å"You have to be ready to work more hours than you get paid for if you want to retain growth in your department or face the probability of being fired. In the field of business you have to work to always be the best as being the best is what assures you of career development and job security.† This statement caught me by surprise as I thought just the normal working hours can result in a successful career. However, I gained more interest in the career from the discussion. One of the things that made my interest grow in the career choice was the number of careers available. As a business management major, I can work as a business consultant, financial analyst, advertising and promotions manager, financial examiner, insurance sales agent, budget analyst, and very many other career options (BLS, 32). Furthermore, Jack assured me that my skill with numbers and the internal drive to success would make me a great individual in attaining success in a career as a business management major. In addition, he brought to my knowledge that my skill of teamwork would assist me in bringing people together towards achieving a common organizational goal. However, to graduate with a major’s degree at CSM, I have to take twenty-four units each semester. Furthermore, I have to achieve a grade C and above for each course in order to progress after each academic year. The institution offers courses such as accounting procedures, organizational behavior, supervisory management, introduction to business, and a selection of twelve units from other selective courses. I specifically look forward to the course in accounting procedures, specifically the topics on accounting cycle, bank reconciliations, financial statements, and accounting cycles, as I believe the core of business lies in knowing how to work with numbers. However, the marketing course will probably not appeal to me as I prefer working with numbers as opposed to studying issues in consumer behavior. Given a choice, I would choose to also undertake the course at University of Pennsylvania, Wharton. At the university, the major constitutes five credit units. One credit unit may come from the management Core courses such as MGMT 610, MGMT 612, while the remaining credits can be obtained from the other departmental electives. Furthermore, the university has an acceptance rate of 19.2%, which nears that of University of Chicago at 23.5% placed the top university among the business schools (Hess). Furthermore, the major offers students the opportunity to develop skills suitable for the roles of business advisor, general management, and leadership. As such, based on reputation, student diversity, and location, the University of Pennsylvania would serve as my alternative. This is because they have a higher absorption rate in the market and rank among the top schools in the US in the field of business. Challenges in Career Path Challenges As a business management major, the business world offers a multitude of career paths. An ONet reveals twenty occupations that match a career path for an individual majoring in business management. However the website reveals that an individual willing to serve as a management analyst must â€Å"Interview personnel and conduct on-site observation to ascertain unit functions, work performed, and methods, equipment, and personnel used† . I had not realized that I would have to interact with so many individuals at different levels of the production and marketing cycle. Furthermore, I would have the responsibility of sometimes cutting down on personnel based on the performance of the business. This is the section of the profession that I feel uncomfortable with. Furthermore, even Jack expressed his concern in my unwillingness to let go of people that do not add value to my life. As such, he indicated that I was to have some challenges in dealing with people who do not k eep up to the standards expected at the workstation. However, if I find dealing with individuals problematic, I have the option of majoring in accounts. According to ONet, the career has the tasks of preparing and entering journals, reviewing accounts, establishing table of accounts, and analysis of account records. As such, the career path offers diverse opportunities to practice hence I can easily relocate and change professions using the same major in business management. However, I still have to undertake the courses that do not focus on accounting such as the supervisory management (MGMT 235). The course has an average of 48-54 hours per semester and deals with aspects such as work delegation, problem solving, labor relations, and communication which do not appeal to my skills. Furthermore, the course also has more hours on assignments (96-108) which will prove difficult to me as most of them will be theoretical in approach. On the other hand, I face the challenge of how to secure the required finances to facilitate my stay at th e institution. The average cost is about $65, 000 (CSM) Overcoming Strategies In order to tackle the problem of the course, I intend to make friends with more confidence in theoretical classes. Furthermore, I have begun taking early research into the course to have insight into the course and reduce incompetence. As such, I will put more effort in these theoretical courses to ensure I get a grade above the minimum C required. On the other hand, to boost the required cost of education I have the opportunity to apply for federal grants such as the federal pell grant of $6,095 and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) of $4,000 (Federal Grant Program). According to the US news, the rates are $5,500 for dependent undergraduate and $20,500 for professional or graduate students. Furthermore, students have access to student loans at different rates depending on the bank. This are grouped as either school channel loans or private loans. These student loans have a substantial higher interest rate in comparison to government grants and vary dependin g on fluctuations in the economy. In conclusion, even with the challenges that come with the course and letter practicing as a business manager, I believe that with determination and good strategy, nothing will deter me from reaching my goal. For instance, to support my education needs, I will look for employment opportunities during periods I am not in class. One of the things that I have committed to is to have link with a number of mentors in this line of profession who will keep on guiding me at various stages. Work Cited CSM, MGMT 235 Supervisory Management. CSM 2018. https://webschedule.smccd.edu/schedule/collegequery_subj_csm.php?SubjCode=MGMTCrseNumb=235. Accessed 26 November 2018. CSM. Major in Mnagement: Business Management, CSM 2018. https://collegeofsanmateo.edu/management/degrees_business_aa.asp. Accessed 26 November 2018. DeRosa, Michele. How to Build a Nontraditional Career Path: Embracing Economic Disruption. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal 31.1 (2015): 11. Dockery, Doug, and Laureen Knudsen. Modern Business Management: Creating a Built-to-Change Organization. (2017). Federal Grant Program. Federal Students Grant Programs. Student Aid (2018). https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/sites/default/files/federal-grant-programs.pdf. Accessed 26 November, 2018 Hess. A. The 10 best business schools in the US. CNBC, 20 March 2018/. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/20/the-10-best-business-schools-in-the-country.html. Accessed 26 November, 2018 Itkin Dina. Career beginnings for business majors, 2008-2009. BLS. https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2008/winter/art03.pdf. Accessed 26 November, 2018 ONET. Management Analysis 2018. https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/13-1111.00. Accessed 26 November, 2018.